Unit 7:
Ex 12:
1. Fiona’s eyes were red. She had been crying for 2 hours.
2. Tim felt exhausted. He had been working hard for a week.
3. John was dirty. He had been fixing his car.
4. Ann felt sleepy. She had been watching boring film.
5. Tom was hot and sticky. He had been playing basketball all day.
6. Liz had a headache. She had been working hard.
Ex 13:
1. get, had prepared
2. took, ha been working
3. was, had ever seen
4. entered, noticed, had drown
5. finished, had called
6. arrived, had left
7. had been traveling
8. was, had turned on
Ex 15:
1. as
2. before
3. until
4. then
5. seconds later
6. as soon as
Direct speeches:
“Isn’t this exciting?” whispered.
“Yes, I suppose it is,” he replied.
“This is a hijack!” he shouted.
“Oh no, it’s not” Janet said calmly.
She said, “Drop your weapon and lie down on the floor”.
Janet said, “It’s over. Nobody was injured. What’s next? ”
a. It was half past eleven at midnight in the plane.
b. Janet and the man was involved.
c.
d. At the end of the story, the plane landed at the airport, then police put the man in the car.
e.
f.
Ex 18: “Lucky to be alive” – I’ll write it soon.
Unit 8:
Ex 7:
1. c
2. b
3. a
4. d
Ex 10:
1. will
2. am going to
3. will
4. am going to
5. will
Ex 11:
1. After we sit our exams, we’ll go on holiday.
2. correct
3. By the time I retire, I’ll be very rich.
4. If your parents come, give them this letter, pls.
5. correct
6. Turn off the lights before you go to bed.
7. Buy me a newspaper when you go out.
Ex 13:
1. If I get a promotion, I can buy a car.
2. If I get a promotion, I will go on cruise,
3. If I get a promotion, I will move to a bigger house.
4. If I get a promotion, I may buy some new clothes.
5. If I get a promotion, I will have a party.
Ex 14:
1. We may go on a picnic, unless it rains.
2. I’ll build more schools, if I become president.
3. The dog won’t bite you unless you bother it.
4. I won’t go shopping, unless I have time.
5. I’ll buy a new jacket, if I can afford it.
6. I won’t get a promotion, unless I work hard.
Ex 15:
1. If I drive through the city, I’ll run into traffic. If I run into traffic, I’ll be late my work. If I late, I won’t get a promotion. Unless I get a promotion, I can’t buy a car.
2. If I don’t study, I won’t pass my exams. Unless I pass my exams, I can’t study at university.
Unit 9:
Ex 9: 1. said
2. told
3. said
4. said
Ex 10:
1. The doctor said that he had been seeing patients all morning.
2. The boy said to his mother mum, he had forgot to walk the dog.
3. Craig said to his wife they wouldn’t go out that night.
4. The man said that he was looking for a new job.
5. He said to me he had just finished his homework.
6. The boss said that he need another secretary.
Ex 12:
1. “What do you want to eat?” Fred asked me.
2. “My friend is waiting for me” Ann told Frank.
3. “I’ve paid the bill” Mr Jones said.
4. “I haven’t bought a new dress yet” Helen told Janet.
5. “Will you help me with my homework” she asked me.
Unit 10:
Ex 10:
1. c
2. b
3. a
Ex 13:
By the year 2050 pollution levels in cities will have decreased because scientists will have invented environmentally – friendly cars. However, there will be no more rainforests as we will cut them all down. Furthermore, people will live in cities under the sea since normal cities will have become too crowded. On the other side, people will live longer as scientists will have cure for many diseases. In addition, we will go on holiday to other planets because space travel will have improved. What is more, we will do more creative jobs because computers will have done the most boring jobs. But there will be more poor people as there will have been fewer jobs. Moreover, crime will have increased as more people without work.
Unit 11:
Ex 13:
1. She told him not to touch the switch with wet hands.
2. She asked me what I had seen in the distance.
3. He asked her if she had got a pen.
4. The museum guide warned us not to touch the exhibits.
5. The teacher told us to be quiet.
6. He asked me if I hadn’t spoken to Ann yet.
7. He asked me why I hadn’t called the police.
8. He told Jane he would need her help.
Ex14:
1. I have a headache.
2. Are you going with him?
3. The prisoner is moving toward the front gate.
4. Who is it?
5. Take him to prison.
Sunday, December 12, 2010
Unit 1:
Ex.14: 1.f 2.d 3.a 4.c 5.b 6.e
Ex.15:
1. works
2. is directing
3. is staying
4. is flying
5. eaves
6. likes
7. hates
Ex.19:
1. Where is from he(she)? – She is from Canada.
2. What does she like? - She likes playing the guitar.
3. What does she hate? - She hates watching horror films.
John: John is From Australia. He is 12 years old. He short and slim. John has got short brown hair. He is very friendly and kind. He likes swimming. But he hates watching TV.
Ann: Ann is from Canada. She is 13. She is tall and slim. She has fair hair. Ann is caring and generous. She likes playing the guitar and hates watching horror films.
Sally: Sally is Canadian. She is 13 years old. She tall and plump. Sally has fair hair. She is very polite and caring. She likes going to the cinema. However, she hates watching horror films.
Ex.20: 1.b 2.c 3.a
Unit 2:
Ex.13:
2. She lives in big house which is near the park.
3. Steven is a lawyer whose office is in Barker street.
4. Claire is a model who has been in many fashion shows.
5. Sarah is wearing a nice dress which fits her perfectly.
Ex.14:
1. who’s
2. whose
3. who’s
4.whose
Ex.15:
A. A porter is someone who carries suitcases.
B. A dolphin is animal which lives in sea.
C. A construction worker is person who builds buildings.
D. A doctor is person who injects for people.
E. A washing machine is a thing which washes clothes.
F. A waiter is someone who carries wines.
H. A vacuum cleaner is a machine which cleans carpets.
Ex.18:
1. with
2. has
3. Her
4. is
5. likes
6. thing
7. at
8. is
Ex.20:
1.successful
2. beautiful
3. humorous
4. glamorous
5. interesting
6. talented
Unit 3:
Ex.10: 1.b 2.a 3.d 4.c 5.f 6.e
Ex.11:
1. While she was having lunch someone stole her camera.
2. He is dirty. He has been repairing cars since morning.
3. He is sunburnt. He has been lying in the sun for hours.
4. While they were exploring a cave a shark appeared.
5. While she was skiing she broke her leg.
6. She is tired. She has been working since morning.
Ex.13:
1. ago
2. for
3. ever
4. never
5. since
6. already
7. yet
8. while
9. when
10. so far
Ex.14: 1. We haven’t been fishing since last summer.
2. It’s the first time she has eaten Chinese food.
3. How long is it since he went to Naples.
4. We haven’t eaten out for a long time.
5. He hasn’t been to Delhi for five years.
Ex.16:
1. am writing
2. came
3. are staying
4. is
5. did
6. have already been
7. took
8. have never been
9. tried
10. was
11. was
12. were enjoying
Unit 4:
Ex.9:
1. see
2. watch
3. look
4. bring
5. take
Ex.10:
1. run over
2. ran after
3. ran out of
4. ran into
Ex.11:
1. on
2. in
3. for
4. on
5. with
6. on
7. on
Ex.12: A:
1. straw umbrellas
2. bright sun
3. blue sea
4. crashing waves
5. small of suntan oil
B: 1. tall green trees
2. birds chirping
3. leaves rustling
4. small of wet soil
Ex.16:
1. incorrect
2. correct
3. incorrect
4. correct
5. correct
6. incorrect
7. correct
Ex.17:
1. It was such a lively place that I went out every night.
2. The island was so peaceful that we felt completely relaxed.
3. The museum was so amazing that we spent a whole day there.
4. It was such a noisy hotel that I didn’t sleep well.
5. The streets were so crowded that we missed appointment.
Ex.18:
1. You really ought to visit Disneyland as it’s fun for the whole family.
2. The best thing you can do to go Black Rock Beach as it’s perfect for windsurfing.
3. I strongly advise you don’t swim Sunset Beach because water is deep.
4. It’s worth going to island on September as less crowded.
5. You really should go to Cairo because there are many things to see.
Ex.19:
1. fame – famous
2. peace – peaceful
3. marvel – marvelous
4. mist – misty
5. mystery – mysterious
6. delight – delightful
7. shade – shady
8. taste – tasty
9. friend – friendly
10. fantasy – fantastic
Unit 5:
Ex.7:
1. The sun was shining and the birds were singing.
2. Bill was watching TV when my doorbell rang.
3. I was having bath while my wife was getting dressed.
4. I heard a noise in the garden so I went to see what it was.
5. He went to bed early last night as he was very tired.
Ex.9:
A:1. was looking
2. was
3. were running
4. saw
5. gasped
6. were walking
7. began
8. realised
9. stared
B:1.was raining
2. was blowing
3. was walking
4. was
5. was
6. heard
7. were getting
8. turned
9. saw
C:1. was working
2. was digging
3. found
4. opened
5. was
Ex.10:
1. He was running fast and carrying a big box.
2. They were standing at the edge of the cliff admiring view.
3. Tim was watching TV and eating his supper.
Ex.11:
1. sailing
2. enjoying
3. blowing
4. sitting
5. talking
6. making
7. crashing
8. trying
9. helping
Direct speech: Rick cried “Where is Tyler?”.
Ex.13:
1. was
2. was raining
3. was walking
4. were running
5. reached
6. had
7. didn’t seem
8. felt
9. turned
10. saw
11. wore
12. was
a. It was cold night and the story took empty street.
b. The weather was cold and rainy.
c. Sally was frightened and the man was calm.
d.
Ex.15: 1. b 2. a
Direct speeches: “They’ve found me,” she gasped. “I can’t get away now.”
“I don’t want to die!” David shouted.
“Don’t worry! Everything will be OK”, the man told him.
“Oh no! This can’t be true!”, she cried.
Unit 6:
Ex.7: 1. b 2. c 3. a
Ex.8:
1. had already stared
2. had showed
3. had been traveling
4. had been typing
5. had been saving
6. had been practicing
7. had looked
8. had left
Ex.10:
We use must = have to to express obligation.
We use mustn’t = are not allowed to to express prohibition.
We use needn’t = don’t have to to express absence of necessity.
Ex.11:
You mustn’t take photograph and touch the exhibits in museum.
You must leave bags at the door in museum.
You needn’t buy a guidebook in museum.
Hotel: You mustn’t disturb other guests and leave valuables in the room.
You must leave the room by 12:00.
You needn’t tidy room.
Ex.12:
We use as … as to compare
We use more/less + adjective to compare one person or thing with another.
We use than after a comparative.
Ex.13:
Hippos have bigger teeth than giraffes.
Hippos have bigger mouth than giraffes.
Hippos are heavier than giraffes.
Giraffes have longer neck than hippos.
Hippos have shorter legs than giraffes.
Giraffes are taller than hippos.
Giraffes are as fat as hippos.
Hippos run less fast than giraffes.
Hippos are more dangerous than giraffes.
Ex.14: 1.f 2.d 3.a 4.c 5.b 6.e
Ex.15:
1. works
2. is directing
3. is staying
4. is flying
5. eaves
6. likes
7. hates
Ex.19:
1. Where is from he(she)? – She is from Canada.
2. What does she like? - She likes playing the guitar.
3. What does she hate? - She hates watching horror films.
John: John is From Australia. He is 12 years old. He short and slim. John has got short brown hair. He is very friendly and kind. He likes swimming. But he hates watching TV.
Ann: Ann is from Canada. She is 13. She is tall and slim. She has fair hair. Ann is caring and generous. She likes playing the guitar and hates watching horror films.
Sally: Sally is Canadian. She is 13 years old. She tall and plump. Sally has fair hair. She is very polite and caring. She likes going to the cinema. However, she hates watching horror films.
Ex.20: 1.b 2.c 3.a
Unit 2:
Ex.13:
2. She lives in big house which is near the park.
3. Steven is a lawyer whose office is in Barker street.
4. Claire is a model who has been in many fashion shows.
5. Sarah is wearing a nice dress which fits her perfectly.
Ex.14:
1. who’s
2. whose
3. who’s
4.whose
Ex.15:
A. A porter is someone who carries suitcases.
B. A dolphin is animal which lives in sea.
C. A construction worker is person who builds buildings.
D. A doctor is person who injects for people.
E. A washing machine is a thing which washes clothes.
F. A waiter is someone who carries wines.
H. A vacuum cleaner is a machine which cleans carpets.
Ex.18:
1. with
2. has
3. Her
4. is
5. likes
6. thing
7. at
8. is
Ex.20:
1.successful
2. beautiful
3. humorous
4. glamorous
5. interesting
6. talented
Unit 3:
Ex.10: 1.b 2.a 3.d 4.c 5.f 6.e
Ex.11:
1. While she was having lunch someone stole her camera.
2. He is dirty. He has been repairing cars since morning.
3. He is sunburnt. He has been lying in the sun for hours.
4. While they were exploring a cave a shark appeared.
5. While she was skiing she broke her leg.
6. She is tired. She has been working since morning.
Ex.13:
1. ago
2. for
3. ever
4. never
5. since
6. already
7. yet
8. while
9. when
10. so far
Ex.14: 1. We haven’t been fishing since last summer.
2. It’s the first time she has eaten Chinese food.
3. How long is it since he went to Naples.
4. We haven’t eaten out for a long time.
5. He hasn’t been to Delhi for five years.
Ex.16:
1. am writing
2. came
3. are staying
4. is
5. did
6. have already been
7. took
8. have never been
9. tried
10. was
11. was
12. were enjoying
Unit 4:
Ex.9:
1. see
2. watch
3. look
4. bring
5. take
Ex.10:
1. run over
2. ran after
3. ran out of
4. ran into
Ex.11:
1. on
2. in
3. for
4. on
5. with
6. on
7. on
Ex.12: A:
1. straw umbrellas
2. bright sun
3. blue sea
4. crashing waves
5. small of suntan oil
B: 1. tall green trees
2. birds chirping
3. leaves rustling
4. small of wet soil
Ex.16:
1. incorrect
2. correct
3. incorrect
4. correct
5. correct
6. incorrect
7. correct
Ex.17:
1. It was such a lively place that I went out every night.
2. The island was so peaceful that we felt completely relaxed.
3. The museum was so amazing that we spent a whole day there.
4. It was such a noisy hotel that I didn’t sleep well.
5. The streets were so crowded that we missed appointment.
Ex.18:
1. You really ought to visit Disneyland as it’s fun for the whole family.
2. The best thing you can do to go Black Rock Beach as it’s perfect for windsurfing.
3. I strongly advise you don’t swim Sunset Beach because water is deep.
4. It’s worth going to island on September as less crowded.
5. You really should go to Cairo because there are many things to see.
Ex.19:
1. fame – famous
2. peace – peaceful
3. marvel – marvelous
4. mist – misty
5. mystery – mysterious
6. delight – delightful
7. shade – shady
8. taste – tasty
9. friend – friendly
10. fantasy – fantastic
Unit 5:
Ex.7:
1. The sun was shining and the birds were singing.
2. Bill was watching TV when my doorbell rang.
3. I was having bath while my wife was getting dressed.
4. I heard a noise in the garden so I went to see what it was.
5. He went to bed early last night as he was very tired.
Ex.9:
A:1. was looking
2. was
3. were running
4. saw
5. gasped
6. were walking
7. began
8. realised
9. stared
B:1.was raining
2. was blowing
3. was walking
4. was
5. was
6. heard
7. were getting
8. turned
9. saw
C:1. was working
2. was digging
3. found
4. opened
5. was
Ex.10:
1. He was running fast and carrying a big box.
2. They were standing at the edge of the cliff admiring view.
3. Tim was watching TV and eating his supper.
Ex.11:
1. sailing
2. enjoying
3. blowing
4. sitting
5. talking
6. making
7. crashing
8. trying
9. helping
Direct speech: Rick cried “Where is Tyler?”.
Ex.13:
1. was
2. was raining
3. was walking
4. were running
5. reached
6. had
7. didn’t seem
8. felt
9. turned
10. saw
11. wore
12. was
a. It was cold night and the story took empty street.
b. The weather was cold and rainy.
c. Sally was frightened and the man was calm.
d.
Ex.15: 1. b 2. a
Direct speeches: “They’ve found me,” she gasped. “I can’t get away now.”
“I don’t want to die!” David shouted.
“Don’t worry! Everything will be OK”, the man told him.
“Oh no! This can’t be true!”, she cried.
Unit 6:
Ex.7: 1. b 2. c 3. a
Ex.8:
1. had already stared
2. had showed
3. had been traveling
4. had been typing
5. had been saving
6. had been practicing
7. had looked
8. had left
Ex.10:
We use must = have to to express obligation.
We use mustn’t = are not allowed to to express prohibition.
We use needn’t = don’t have to to express absence of necessity.
Ex.11:
You mustn’t take photograph and touch the exhibits in museum.
You must leave bags at the door in museum.
You needn’t buy a guidebook in museum.
Hotel: You mustn’t disturb other guests and leave valuables in the room.
You must leave the room by 12:00.
You needn’t tidy room.
Ex.12:
We use as … as to compare
We use more/less + adjective to compare one person or thing with another.
We use than after a comparative.
Ex.13:
Hippos have bigger teeth than giraffes.
Hippos have bigger mouth than giraffes.
Hippos are heavier than giraffes.
Giraffes have longer neck than hippos.
Hippos have shorter legs than giraffes.
Giraffes are taller than hippos.
Giraffes are as fat as hippos.
Hippos run less fast than giraffes.
Hippos are more dangerous than giraffes.
Unit 12
10: 1. were found
2. examined
3.be lifted
4. is found
5. will be made
6. will be cleaned
7. be put
8. have been discovered
11: 1. An expedition is being prepared by John Mills to the North pole
2.The expedition will be filmed by many TV networks
3. The expedition is being gone to show by they on national television
4. All the necessary equipment has been already bought by John Mill
5.An observation camp is being gone to set up by he there
6. Objections to this expedition have been raised by many people
Unit 13
12: 1. Famine: The starring people have been sent food to help by them
2. Earthquake: It was shook awake by it
3. Volcanic eruption: Warning’s was gave by television stations before it exploded
4. Flood: Even more rain is expected by the weather reporters in the next few days
5. Drought: People has been asked by the government not to waste water
14: 1. Will be sent
2. are being taken
3. weren’t informed
4. was dropped on the
5. have been found
6. have been by rescued
7. is being carried by
15: 1.The town Hall was burnt by James Smith last month. He was sent by the judge to prison for five
2. A serious accident was caused by a careless driver, he is being gone to send by them to prison for four years.
3.An old lady was being attacking by Craig Me Drew when police arrested him last week. He has been sent by judge to prison a for fifteen years.
Unit 14
12: 1. I wish I hadn’t lied to my best friend.
2. I wish I couldn’t afford to go on holiday.
3. I wish I hadn’t broken my legs hurts.
4. I wish I hadn’t failed my exams.
5. I wish my mum wasn’t angry with me.
6. I wish I hadn’t missed an important meeting.
7. I wish I was old enough to get a driving licence.
13: 1. I wish I had a friend. If I had a friend , I couldn’t feel lonely.
2. I wish I had a job. If I had a job, I might be happy.
3. I wish I hadn’t a headache. If I hadn’t a headache, I would work faster.
14: 1. I wish we had checked petrol tank. If we had checked petrol tank, it wouldn’t have run out of petrol.
2. I wish I woken up early. If I woken up early I wouldn’t miss the bus.
3. I wish I had been careful. If I had been careful , I couldn’t twist my knee.
15: 1. Couldn’t fired
2. hadn’t spend
3. had
4. would found
5. finds
6. didn’t have to
7. will lose
8. wouldn’t have been
9. would have been
10. had followed, wouldn’t lose
Unit 15
14: 1. to take part
2. to learn
3. to play
4. to try
5. being
6. to exercise
7. finding
8. to paradise
9. becoming
16: 1. Playing
2. to play
3. practise
4. to doing, doing
5. be
6. meet
7. seeing
8. to get up
9.to play
10. tidy
Unit 16
14: 1.dry yourself
2. burnt herself
3. hurt himself
4. help yourself
5. enjoyed himself
6. killed themselves
15: 1. Will be
2. lost
3. wouldn’t have died
4. would have passed
5.were
6. stop
Unit 17
16: 1. Such
2. so
3. so
4. such a
19: 1. Enough
2. enough
3. too
4. too
5.too
6. enough
7. too
20: 1.The bridge was too low for the lorry to pass under.
The bridge wasn’t high enough the lorry to pass under.
The bridge so high that the lorry couldn’t pass under.
It was such a low bridge that the lorry couldn’t pass under.
2.This ocean is not warm enough for tropical fish to survive in.
This ocean is too cold for tropical fish to survive in.
This ocean is so cold that the tropical fish to survive in.
It is such a cold ocean that the tropical fish to survive in.
3. The rabbit was so fast that the dog couldn’t catch it.
The rabbit was too fast for the dog couldn’t catch.
The rabbit wasn’t slow enough for the dog couldn’t catch it.
It was such a fast rabbit that the dog couldn’t catch it.
4. The sign was so small that Mary couldn’t see it.
The sign was too small for Mary couldn’t see it.
The sign wasn’t big enough for Mary couldn’t see it.
It was such a small sign that Mary couldn’t see it.
Unit 18
10: 1.As a result
2. Therefore
3. Consequently
4. As a consequently
12: 1.so that
2. so that
3. so that
4.so that
5. so that
13: 1. d
2. b
3. c
4. e
5.a
Unit 19
11: 0. Comparative superlative
1. Spicy spicier spiciest
2. Strong stronger strongest
3. Fattening more fattening most fattening
4. Nutritious more nutritious most nutritious
5. Delicious more delicious most delicious
6. Rich richer richest
7. Juicy juicier juiciest
8. Disgusting more disgusting most disgusting
9. Tasty tastier tastiest
10. Hot hotter hottest
11. Good better best
12. Bad worse worst
13. Little less least
12: The food at Ed’s restaurant is not as tasty as at Paul’s. the food at Paul’s tastier than the food at Ed’s.
Unit 20
10: 1.c
2. e
3.d
4.b
5.a
11: 1. Must
2. may/might
3.can’t
4. may/might
5.can’t
12: 1.d
2.e
3. g
4.f
5. a
6.b
7.c
14: 1. She must be coming back.
2. He may lost his way.
3.He can’t have failed his exams.
4.She could have forget the appointment.
5.She can’t have committed the crime.
6. She might lied to you.
7.She must be till working in her office.
8.They could have been sleeping when you called them.
9. He can’t have paid the rent.
Unit 21
14: 1. boring
2.amused
3.terrifing
4. exciting
5.amazed
6. thrilling
7. interested
8. embarrassing
16: 1. Listen, go
2. to watch, visit
3. to play, play
4. write, learn
5.to read, read
6.traveling to traveling
17: 1. So do I.
2. So am I.
3.Nor will I.
4. So do I.
Unit 22
9: 1.She has her clothes made by Zuciano.
2. She has her house cleaned by the maids.
3. She has her car washed by the chauffeur.
4. She has her shopping delivered by the supermarket.
5. She has her letters typed by the chef.
11: 1.Sue has the living room painted.
2. Bob will have a photo of him took.
3.Marcy’s must have her eyes test.
4. Helen’s must have his car service.
5.Tom’s must have his jeans shorten.
6. Fiona’s had been the flat has been decorated.
10: 1. were found
2. examined
3.be lifted
4. is found
5. will be made
6. will be cleaned
7. be put
8. have been discovered
11: 1. An expedition is being prepared by John Mills to the North pole
2.The expedition will be filmed by many TV networks
3. The expedition is being gone to show by they on national television
4. All the necessary equipment has been already bought by John Mill
5.An observation camp is being gone to set up by he there
6. Objections to this expedition have been raised by many people
Unit 13
12: 1. Famine: The starring people have been sent food to help by them
2. Earthquake: It was shook awake by it
3. Volcanic eruption: Warning’s was gave by television stations before it exploded
4. Flood: Even more rain is expected by the weather reporters in the next few days
5. Drought: People has been asked by the government not to waste water
14: 1. Will be sent
2. are being taken
3. weren’t informed
4. was dropped on the
5. have been found
6. have been by rescued
7. is being carried by
15: 1.The town Hall was burnt by James Smith last month. He was sent by the judge to prison for five
2. A serious accident was caused by a careless driver, he is being gone to send by them to prison for four years.
3.An old lady was being attacking by Craig Me Drew when police arrested him last week. He has been sent by judge to prison a for fifteen years.
Unit 14
12: 1. I wish I hadn’t lied to my best friend.
2. I wish I couldn’t afford to go on holiday.
3. I wish I hadn’t broken my legs hurts.
4. I wish I hadn’t failed my exams.
5. I wish my mum wasn’t angry with me.
6. I wish I hadn’t missed an important meeting.
7. I wish I was old enough to get a driving licence.
13: 1. I wish I had a friend. If I had a friend , I couldn’t feel lonely.
2. I wish I had a job. If I had a job, I might be happy.
3. I wish I hadn’t a headache. If I hadn’t a headache, I would work faster.
14: 1. I wish we had checked petrol tank. If we had checked petrol tank, it wouldn’t have run out of petrol.
2. I wish I woken up early. If I woken up early I wouldn’t miss the bus.
3. I wish I had been careful. If I had been careful , I couldn’t twist my knee.
15: 1. Couldn’t fired
2. hadn’t spend
3. had
4. would found
5. finds
6. didn’t have to
7. will lose
8. wouldn’t have been
9. would have been
10. had followed, wouldn’t lose
Unit 15
14: 1. to take part
2. to learn
3. to play
4. to try
5. being
6. to exercise
7. finding
8. to paradise
9. becoming
16: 1. Playing
2. to play
3. practise
4. to doing, doing
5. be
6. meet
7. seeing
8. to get up
9.to play
10. tidy
Unit 16
14: 1.dry yourself
2. burnt herself
3. hurt himself
4. help yourself
5. enjoyed himself
6. killed themselves
15: 1. Will be
2. lost
3. wouldn’t have died
4. would have passed
5.were
6. stop
Unit 17
16: 1. Such
2. so
3. so
4. such a
19: 1. Enough
2. enough
3. too
4. too
5.too
6. enough
7. too
20: 1.The bridge was too low for the lorry to pass under.
The bridge wasn’t high enough the lorry to pass under.
The bridge so high that the lorry couldn’t pass under.
It was such a low bridge that the lorry couldn’t pass under.
2.This ocean is not warm enough for tropical fish to survive in.
This ocean is too cold for tropical fish to survive in.
This ocean is so cold that the tropical fish to survive in.
It is such a cold ocean that the tropical fish to survive in.
3. The rabbit was so fast that the dog couldn’t catch it.
The rabbit was too fast for the dog couldn’t catch.
The rabbit wasn’t slow enough for the dog couldn’t catch it.
It was such a fast rabbit that the dog couldn’t catch it.
4. The sign was so small that Mary couldn’t see it.
The sign was too small for Mary couldn’t see it.
The sign wasn’t big enough for Mary couldn’t see it.
It was such a small sign that Mary couldn’t see it.
Unit 18
10: 1.As a result
2. Therefore
3. Consequently
4. As a consequently
12: 1.so that
2. so that
3. so that
4.so that
5. so that
13: 1. d
2. b
3. c
4. e
5.a
Unit 19
11: 0. Comparative superlative
1. Spicy spicier spiciest
2. Strong stronger strongest
3. Fattening more fattening most fattening
4. Nutritious more nutritious most nutritious
5. Delicious more delicious most delicious
6. Rich richer richest
7. Juicy juicier juiciest
8. Disgusting more disgusting most disgusting
9. Tasty tastier tastiest
10. Hot hotter hottest
11. Good better best
12. Bad worse worst
13. Little less least
12: The food at Ed’s restaurant is not as tasty as at Paul’s. the food at Paul’s tastier than the food at Ed’s.
Unit 20
10: 1.c
2. e
3.d
4.b
5.a
11: 1. Must
2. may/might
3.can’t
4. may/might
5.can’t
12: 1.d
2.e
3. g
4.f
5. a
6.b
7.c
14: 1. She must be coming back.
2. He may lost his way.
3.He can’t have failed his exams.
4.She could have forget the appointment.
5.She can’t have committed the crime.
6. She might lied to you.
7.She must be till working in her office.
8.They could have been sleeping when you called them.
9. He can’t have paid the rent.
Unit 21
14: 1. boring
2.amused
3.terrifing
4. exciting
5.amazed
6. thrilling
7. interested
8. embarrassing
16: 1. Listen, go
2. to watch, visit
3. to play, play
4. write, learn
5.to read, read
6.traveling to traveling
17: 1. So do I.
2. So am I.
3.Nor will I.
4. So do I.
Unit 22
9: 1.She has her clothes made by Zuciano.
2. She has her house cleaned by the maids.
3. She has her car washed by the chauffeur.
4. She has her shopping delivered by the supermarket.
5. She has her letters typed by the chef.
11: 1.Sue has the living room painted.
2. Bob will have a photo of him took.
3.Marcy’s must have her eyes test.
4. Helen’s must have his car service.
5.Tom’s must have his jeans shorten.
6. Fiona’s had been the flat has been decorated.
Wednesday, December 8, 2010
Myself
My name is Guamaral but I’d like to be called as Maralaa. I’m 19 years old. I was born in zavhan. I grew up in a happy family. My family consists of 5 members. I’m first child and the only girl among my 2 brothers in my family and my childhood days more colorful.
I’m little short and build. I have got dark hair, medium dark eyes and white skin. I think I’m responsible, hard working, kind and funny. Because my friends talk about me “Maralaa is kind, helpful,hard working and funny”.
My family and religions are all of beliefs Buddist. Therefore I’m a little buddist.
I extremely like table tennis, eat ice-ream, and meet my friends. I also love to watch film, listen to music or visiting to my friends house in my spare time.
Other than that, I love to travel as . My family and I always spend our holidays to go to new places whether it's in our country..
Have you ever travelled to Terelj?
Last summer I went to Terelj with my family. That was three days traveling. The Park was situated at 80 km north east of UlaanBaatar, and is a very popular area with the locals on a weekend. The park lay at 1600 metres high and offered great opportunities for hiking, horse-riding, rafting and rock climbing. The parks were over 1.2 million acres large. The landscape was looking a little bit like the Alps. It is a national park which started to developed in the 1960's and officially was classified as a National Park in 1994. It is almost uninhabited by humans, only by a few nomads and farmers. Inside the park, there were ranges of protected animals such as birds, moose, and bears. Terelj has a many great opportunities and such a beautiful place.
We have spent three nights in a ger camp; there was a building about fifty meters away with some toilets, but no electricity. The ger is spacious and could accommodate a minimum of 4 persons per ger. Inside there was a wooden stove to heat the ger up. In the morning a worker entered the ger while we were still sleeping to put more wood inside. It is great so as I woke up it was really warm. The temperature during the night was -2C. During the day it was about 25C. Camps are not at the same place depending on the season; there are summer camps and winter camps which are open mostly all year long.
First of all In our lunch we ordered only Boodog and Europian meal. That is one of my father favorites. However I really like horhog. I told my father “I really like horhog. Would we order horhog? Please daddy ” despite the my opiniun that they ordered Boodog. Hovewer the restaurant’s food is very delicious. The restaurant has a serving capacity of approximately 60-80 people at once in all seasons
• Serves Mongolian, European, Japanese, Korean and Chinese meals.
• Serves with Mongolian traditional meals named khorkhog /meat prepared by red hot stones /bodog/, a meat dish prepared in its skin/ and barbeque by special order.
Then we sang a song in karaoke. I like sing a song. My family too. We spend 2 hours in that place. It was very amazing time. After that we play snooker billiard. My father and me are one team and my mother and my brother are one team. We organized a little match in our family. The wnner won the 20.000tog and family winner in snooker billiard. So our team won.
Thirdly we went to see Melkhi Khad; it was about twenty minutes drive from my ger camp. One of the best places which is wonderful to see was Melkhi .Khad by the locals, an interesting rock formation looking like a turtle. Not only Melkhi Khad but also there were a lot of interesting shape rocks such as mother, father, baby bear, and two-hump camel. The Melkhii Khad was set in a valley.
My brother and I were fit and slim, we climbed behind the rock and accessed the head of the turtle, and there we found a very small hole where we squeezed through. When we managed that, once here there is a superb view point over the valley. My mom was shouting "Be careful." Coming back in was more difficult as there is nowhere to put our feet; my parents looked concerned. My father immediately pulled us from the other side. We took some funny pictures. That was my unforgettable time.
From the Turtle Rock, We trekked along two hours walk to a temple on the top of a hill, then another hour to climb to the temple. Along the way we saw wild flowers such as Edelweiss. They looked like white carpet. That was amazing.
There is one more unique opportunity which we really can saddle up a horse and ride for thousands of kilometers without crossing any money. We decided to rent a horse. We can ride pretty well, and we raced. My father at first, me at second, and my brother and my mother at third for the race. But at the end my hip was hurt because I had not ridden horse for a long time. My brother was spoiled. My mother offered us home made yoghurt, biscuits,aaruul, urum, bread and airag.
We were relieved to finally rest our legs from our long, exciting day. I didn't want to go back to home. In these days my life’s one of the happily and unforgetfull time. In my opinion everyone needs to travel with family. Getting out the city's nervous life, spend some time with their children, is more important. It's part of our life.
Also I wrote a review of films in my free time. Let’s introduce one of my essay is the review of Choghtu Khong Tayiji.
Choghtu Khong Tayiji, born Tümengken (1581-1637), was a ruler of the Khalkha Mongols. He expanded into Amdo to help the Karma sect of Tibetan Buddhism but was overthrown by Güüshi Khan, who supported the rival Geluk sect.
He established a base on the Tula river. Known as an intellectual he embraced the Karma sect and built monasteries and castles.
He submitted himself to Lingdan Khan, last grand khan of the Mongols. He took part in Lingdan's campaign to Tibet to help the Karma sect although Lingdan Khan died in 1634 before they joined together. But he pursued the campaign. In the same year he conquered the Tümed around Kokonor and moved his base there. By request from Shamar Rabjampa he sent an army under his son Arslan to central Tibet in 1635. However, Arslan attacked his ally Tsang army. He met the fifth Dalai Lama and paid homage to Gelukpa monasteries instead of destructing them. Arslan was eventually assassinated by Choghtu's order.
The Geluk sect asked for help Törü Bayikhu, the leader of the Khoshuud tribe of the Oirat confederation. In 1636 Törö Bayikhu led the Khoshuud and the Dzungars to Tibet. In the next year a decisive war between Choghtu Khong Tayiji and Törü Bayikhu ended in the latter's victory and Choght was killed.
Descendants of Sutai Yeldeng, Choghtu's grandson, succeeded the jasagh of a banner in Sayin Noyan Ayimagh.
He has traditionally been portrayed as evil by the Geluk sect. On the other hand, the Mongolian movie "Tsogt tayj" (1945) treated him as a national hero. It reflected the communist regime's attitude toward Tibetan Buddhism.
I took Information technology while I was in secondary school. After I graduated, I study as a information technology in SHUTIS university. I like my profession and lessons. Exactly our professional lessons and languages are I really like. Sometimes it’s very difficult. In the future I’m working in my own profession. And I want to be built my own software company. Then I’d help a hundreds of, a millions of poor, homeless and jobless people.
I’ll supply a work situation this people. And save our country's nature. Especially gold’s company. Then I’ll clear parlament members because they don’t know their job and they didn’t enough knowledge their sector. But it’s very difficult. If I will very reach person it’s possible.
In my opinion about my country.
Mongolia is unique because of it’s integrity in nature,culture, history and hospitality. I am proud of Mongolian’s pristine nature, fresh air and glassland. Everyday Mongolian life changed. The population is about 2.5 milion people, but it is one of the least densely populated countries in the world. As the statistics suggest, the population of Mongolia will reach 4.4 million by 2050. I agree that if the population of the country increases, the economics would develop very raditly.
First of all, we need to develop the Mongolian educational system, which should reach international standarts. As well as, Mongolians also need to discover many scientific breakthroughs in the world.
Secondly, the urban concentration in Mongolia is found in Ulaanbaatar. So we need to initiate a strategic city plan in order to regulate self-development of Kharkhorin. I dream that the Kharkhorin city will be a modern city in the world.
Thirdly, Mongolia has very vast territory. So transportation needs to be developed. In my opinion tarmas road should rebuild along each aimag, sum or bag in ten years time.
Fourthly, there are many cars and ger district’s smoke in Mongolia. So we need to build any big apartments for the public. I believe that the Mongolian people will be very rich, the rural community will be moved elsewhere by rich herders, businessman, politicians and other urban citizens who still keep their ties with the original tradional institutions.
Next, the economic will increase to the developed countries level. Especially, It needs to increase export products such as copper, gold, cashmere wool, fur, leather and diary products.
Finally, I am proud of Mongolia it could be the best developed country in the world.
For addition, I am very worried about our planet.
Our earth is damaging impossibly. The living conditions in our earth are getting worse and worse. What kind of problems we happened? How we decide it?
The forests are burning, rare plant and animals species are die out, people are dying of cancer and hunger and the air is being polluted.
The first problem is the destruction of the forest. The trees are being cut down for papers , firewood and other things by the factories. As a result birds and animals lose their homes and air pollution is being increased. The reserve of the forest is finishing. If everyone plant 3 trees , this destruction is falling. If we continue to burn and cut down the forest as we are doing now, the earth will never be the same again.
The second problem is die out of animals. Hunter and companies are killing the animals . Ex: crocodiles, foxes, rhinos…etc. Because they realized how valuable these animals skin. For these reason we must refuse to made of animals skin. If we can do it, the companies will fall to use other things. Some people used these animals organs of the body for their illness. In some part of the world , these animals may live safety, with laws to protect them. If we together safe and love these animals , these animals will be with us forever.
The thirdly important issue is water pollution and reserve of the water. Factories are polluting our rivers and seas with dangerous chemicals. A lot of rubbish is being made by people into rivers,lakes and oceans. As a result we poison the water that we use our food. For these reason the sea animals are dying and we poison for this water why we use this poisonous water. If we continue to these , one day water will be a thing of the past.
The fourthly major problem is quality of food. What is genetically engineered food? They are made with genetic engineering-not by nature. Genetic engineers take genes from one species. In this way a new life form is created. The effect of genetic engineering on our health are not known. People can develop allergies to food which has been genetically engineered. It’s wrong. We have to use nature’s food. It’s healthy and no problems.
The fifthly problem is air pollution. The causes of air pollution are smoke from factories and car exhaust fumes. Chemical industries do not use cleaning equipment, so the city has a large number of sick and plants have stopped growing. Air contains oxygen, and the people need oxygen to live. In the past few years people have developed allergies and breathing problems. If we don’t do something now, our cities will become impossible to live in.
Luckily we have the time the money, even the technology to prepare the way for a better cleaner and safer future.
If everyone try to save our planet’s problem, it will getting better very soon. We can do it. Heal the world. Let’s start today.
My dream is change the world and help poor and homeless people.
I know that the road ahead will not be easy for me, but I cannot stop here. I need to move on in order to reach my goals. In my opinion “ my success in the future lies in my own hands”.
I’m little short and build. I have got dark hair, medium dark eyes and white skin. I think I’m responsible, hard working, kind and funny. Because my friends talk about me “Maralaa is kind, helpful,hard working and funny”.
My family and religions are all of beliefs Buddist. Therefore I’m a little buddist.
I extremely like table tennis, eat ice-ream, and meet my friends. I also love to watch film, listen to music or visiting to my friends house in my spare time.
Other than that, I love to travel as . My family and I always spend our holidays to go to new places whether it's in our country..
Have you ever travelled to Terelj?
Last summer I went to Terelj with my family. That was three days traveling. The Park was situated at 80 km north east of UlaanBaatar, and is a very popular area with the locals on a weekend. The park lay at 1600 metres high and offered great opportunities for hiking, horse-riding, rafting and rock climbing. The parks were over 1.2 million acres large. The landscape was looking a little bit like the Alps. It is a national park which started to developed in the 1960's and officially was classified as a National Park in 1994. It is almost uninhabited by humans, only by a few nomads and farmers. Inside the park, there were ranges of protected animals such as birds, moose, and bears. Terelj has a many great opportunities and such a beautiful place.
We have spent three nights in a ger camp; there was a building about fifty meters away with some toilets, but no electricity. The ger is spacious and could accommodate a minimum of 4 persons per ger. Inside there was a wooden stove to heat the ger up. In the morning a worker entered the ger while we were still sleeping to put more wood inside. It is great so as I woke up it was really warm. The temperature during the night was -2C. During the day it was about 25C. Camps are not at the same place depending on the season; there are summer camps and winter camps which are open mostly all year long.
First of all In our lunch we ordered only Boodog and Europian meal. That is one of my father favorites. However I really like horhog. I told my father “I really like horhog. Would we order horhog? Please daddy ” despite the my opiniun that they ordered Boodog. Hovewer the restaurant’s food is very delicious. The restaurant has a serving capacity of approximately 60-80 people at once in all seasons
• Serves Mongolian, European, Japanese, Korean and Chinese meals.
• Serves with Mongolian traditional meals named khorkhog /meat prepared by red hot stones /bodog/, a meat dish prepared in its skin/ and barbeque by special order.
Then we sang a song in karaoke. I like sing a song. My family too. We spend 2 hours in that place. It was very amazing time. After that we play snooker billiard. My father and me are one team and my mother and my brother are one team. We organized a little match in our family. The wnner won the 20.000tog and family winner in snooker billiard. So our team won.
Thirdly we went to see Melkhi Khad; it was about twenty minutes drive from my ger camp. One of the best places which is wonderful to see was Melkhi .Khad by the locals, an interesting rock formation looking like a turtle. Not only Melkhi Khad but also there were a lot of interesting shape rocks such as mother, father, baby bear, and two-hump camel. The Melkhii Khad was set in a valley.
My brother and I were fit and slim, we climbed behind the rock and accessed the head of the turtle, and there we found a very small hole where we squeezed through. When we managed that, once here there is a superb view point over the valley. My mom was shouting "Be careful." Coming back in was more difficult as there is nowhere to put our feet; my parents looked concerned. My father immediately pulled us from the other side. We took some funny pictures. That was my unforgettable time.
From the Turtle Rock, We trekked along two hours walk to a temple on the top of a hill, then another hour to climb to the temple. Along the way we saw wild flowers such as Edelweiss. They looked like white carpet. That was amazing.
There is one more unique opportunity which we really can saddle up a horse and ride for thousands of kilometers without crossing any money. We decided to rent a horse. We can ride pretty well, and we raced. My father at first, me at second, and my brother and my mother at third for the race. But at the end my hip was hurt because I had not ridden horse for a long time. My brother was spoiled. My mother offered us home made yoghurt, biscuits,aaruul, urum, bread and airag.
We were relieved to finally rest our legs from our long, exciting day. I didn't want to go back to home. In these days my life’s one of the happily and unforgetfull time. In my opinion everyone needs to travel with family. Getting out the city's nervous life, spend some time with their children, is more important. It's part of our life.
Also I wrote a review of films in my free time. Let’s introduce one of my essay is the review of Choghtu Khong Tayiji.
Choghtu Khong Tayiji, born Tümengken (1581-1637), was a ruler of the Khalkha Mongols. He expanded into Amdo to help the Karma sect of Tibetan Buddhism but was overthrown by Güüshi Khan, who supported the rival Geluk sect.
He established a base on the Tula river. Known as an intellectual he embraced the Karma sect and built monasteries and castles.
He submitted himself to Lingdan Khan, last grand khan of the Mongols. He took part in Lingdan's campaign to Tibet to help the Karma sect although Lingdan Khan died in 1634 before they joined together. But he pursued the campaign. In the same year he conquered the Tümed around Kokonor and moved his base there. By request from Shamar Rabjampa he sent an army under his son Arslan to central Tibet in 1635. However, Arslan attacked his ally Tsang army. He met the fifth Dalai Lama and paid homage to Gelukpa monasteries instead of destructing them. Arslan was eventually assassinated by Choghtu's order.
The Geluk sect asked for help Törü Bayikhu, the leader of the Khoshuud tribe of the Oirat confederation. In 1636 Törö Bayikhu led the Khoshuud and the Dzungars to Tibet. In the next year a decisive war between Choghtu Khong Tayiji and Törü Bayikhu ended in the latter's victory and Choght was killed.
Descendants of Sutai Yeldeng, Choghtu's grandson, succeeded the jasagh of a banner in Sayin Noyan Ayimagh.
He has traditionally been portrayed as evil by the Geluk sect. On the other hand, the Mongolian movie "Tsogt tayj" (1945) treated him as a national hero. It reflected the communist regime's attitude toward Tibetan Buddhism.
I took Information technology while I was in secondary school. After I graduated, I study as a information technology in SHUTIS university. I like my profession and lessons. Exactly our professional lessons and languages are I really like. Sometimes it’s very difficult. In the future I’m working in my own profession. And I want to be built my own software company. Then I’d help a hundreds of, a millions of poor, homeless and jobless people.
I’ll supply a work situation this people. And save our country's nature. Especially gold’s company. Then I’ll clear parlament members because they don’t know their job and they didn’t enough knowledge their sector. But it’s very difficult. If I will very reach person it’s possible.
In my opinion about my country.
Mongolia is unique because of it’s integrity in nature,culture, history and hospitality. I am proud of Mongolian’s pristine nature, fresh air and glassland. Everyday Mongolian life changed. The population is about 2.5 milion people, but it is one of the least densely populated countries in the world. As the statistics suggest, the population of Mongolia will reach 4.4 million by 2050. I agree that if the population of the country increases, the economics would develop very raditly.
First of all, we need to develop the Mongolian educational system, which should reach international standarts. As well as, Mongolians also need to discover many scientific breakthroughs in the world.
Secondly, the urban concentration in Mongolia is found in Ulaanbaatar. So we need to initiate a strategic city plan in order to regulate self-development of Kharkhorin. I dream that the Kharkhorin city will be a modern city in the world.
Thirdly, Mongolia has very vast territory. So transportation needs to be developed. In my opinion tarmas road should rebuild along each aimag, sum or bag in ten years time.
Fourthly, there are many cars and ger district’s smoke in Mongolia. So we need to build any big apartments for the public. I believe that the Mongolian people will be very rich, the rural community will be moved elsewhere by rich herders, businessman, politicians and other urban citizens who still keep their ties with the original tradional institutions.
Next, the economic will increase to the developed countries level. Especially, It needs to increase export products such as copper, gold, cashmere wool, fur, leather and diary products.
Finally, I am proud of Mongolia it could be the best developed country in the world.
For addition, I am very worried about our planet.
Our earth is damaging impossibly. The living conditions in our earth are getting worse and worse. What kind of problems we happened? How we decide it?
The forests are burning, rare plant and animals species are die out, people are dying of cancer and hunger and the air is being polluted.
The first problem is the destruction of the forest. The trees are being cut down for papers , firewood and other things by the factories. As a result birds and animals lose their homes and air pollution is being increased. The reserve of the forest is finishing. If everyone plant 3 trees , this destruction is falling. If we continue to burn and cut down the forest as we are doing now, the earth will never be the same again.
The second problem is die out of animals. Hunter and companies are killing the animals . Ex: crocodiles, foxes, rhinos…etc. Because they realized how valuable these animals skin. For these reason we must refuse to made of animals skin. If we can do it, the companies will fall to use other things. Some people used these animals organs of the body for their illness. In some part of the world , these animals may live safety, with laws to protect them. If we together safe and love these animals , these animals will be with us forever.
The thirdly important issue is water pollution and reserve of the water. Factories are polluting our rivers and seas with dangerous chemicals. A lot of rubbish is being made by people into rivers,lakes and oceans. As a result we poison the water that we use our food. For these reason the sea animals are dying and we poison for this water why we use this poisonous water. If we continue to these , one day water will be a thing of the past.
The fourthly major problem is quality of food. What is genetically engineered food? They are made with genetic engineering-not by nature. Genetic engineers take genes from one species. In this way a new life form is created. The effect of genetic engineering on our health are not known. People can develop allergies to food which has been genetically engineered. It’s wrong. We have to use nature’s food. It’s healthy and no problems.
The fifthly problem is air pollution. The causes of air pollution are smoke from factories and car exhaust fumes. Chemical industries do not use cleaning equipment, so the city has a large number of sick and plants have stopped growing. Air contains oxygen, and the people need oxygen to live. In the past few years people have developed allergies and breathing problems. If we don’t do something now, our cities will become impossible to live in.
Luckily we have the time the money, even the technology to prepare the way for a better cleaner and safer future.
If everyone try to save our planet’s problem, it will getting better very soon. We can do it. Heal the world. Let’s start today.
My dream is change the world and help poor and homeless people.
I know that the road ahead will not be easy for me, but I cannot stop here. I need to move on in order to reach my goals. In my opinion “ my success in the future lies in my own hands”.
Wednesday, December 1, 2010
Review of Choghtu Khong Tayiji
Choghtu Khong Tayiji, born Tümengken (1581-1637), was a ruler of the Khalkha Mongols. He expanded into Amdo to help the Karma sect of Tibetan Buddhism but was overthrown by Güüshi Khan, who supported the rival Geluk sect.
He established a base on the Tula river. Known as an intellectual he embraced the Karma sect and built monasteries and castles.
He submitted himself to Lingdan Khan, last grand khan of the Mongols. He took part in Lingdan's campaign to Tibet to help the Karma sect although Lingdan Khan died in 1634 before they joined together. But he pursued the campaign. In the same year he conquered the Tümed around Kokonor and moved his base there. By request from Shamar Rabjampa he sent an army under his son Arslan to central Tibet in 1635. However, Arslan attacked his ally Tsang army. He met the fifth Dalai Lama and paid homage to Gelukpa monasteries instead of destructing them. Arslan was eventually assassinated by Choghtu's order.
The Geluk sect asked for help Törü Bayikhu, the leader of the Khoshuud tribe of the Oirat confederation. In 1636 Törö Bayikhu led the Khoshuud and the Dzungars to Tibet. In the next year a decisive war between Choghtu Khong Tayiji and Törü Bayikhu ended in the latter's victory and Choght was killed.
Descendants of Sutai Yeldeng, Choghtu's grandson, succeeded the jasagh of a banner in Sayin Noyan Ayimagh.
He has traditionally been portrayed as evil by the Geluk sect. On the other hand, the Mongolian movie "Tsogt tayj" (1945) treated him as a national hero. It reflected the communist regime's attitude toward Tibetan Buddhism.
He established a base on the Tula river. Known as an intellectual he embraced the Karma sect and built monasteries and castles.
He submitted himself to Lingdan Khan, last grand khan of the Mongols. He took part in Lingdan's campaign to Tibet to help the Karma sect although Lingdan Khan died in 1634 before they joined together. But he pursued the campaign. In the same year he conquered the Tümed around Kokonor and moved his base there. By request from Shamar Rabjampa he sent an army under his son Arslan to central Tibet in 1635. However, Arslan attacked his ally Tsang army. He met the fifth Dalai Lama and paid homage to Gelukpa monasteries instead of destructing them. Arslan was eventually assassinated by Choghtu's order.
The Geluk sect asked for help Törü Bayikhu, the leader of the Khoshuud tribe of the Oirat confederation. In 1636 Törö Bayikhu led the Khoshuud and the Dzungars to Tibet. In the next year a decisive war between Choghtu Khong Tayiji and Törü Bayikhu ended in the latter's victory and Choght was killed.
Descendants of Sutai Yeldeng, Choghtu's grandson, succeeded the jasagh of a banner in Sayin Noyan Ayimagh.
He has traditionally been portrayed as evil by the Geluk sect. On the other hand, the Mongolian movie "Tsogt tayj" (1945) treated him as a national hero. It reflected the communist regime's attitude toward Tibetan Buddhism.
Saturday, November 20, 2010
Problems of the planet
Problems of the planet
Our earth is damaging impossibly. The living conditions in our earth are getting worse and worse. What kind of problems we happened? How we decide it?
The forests are burning, rare plant and animals species are die out, people are dying of cancer and hunger and the air is being polluted.
The first problem is the destruction of the forest. The trees are being cut down for papers , firewood and other things by the factories. As a result birds and animals lose their homes and air pollution is being increased. The reserve of the forest is finishing. If everyone plant 3 trees , this destruction is falling. If we continue to burn and cut down the forest as we are doing now, the earth will never be the same again.
The second problem is die out of animals. Hunter and companies are killing the animals . Ex: crocodiles, foxes, rhinos…etc. Because they realized how valuable these animals skin. For these reason we must refuse to made of animals skin. If we can do it, the companies will fall to use other things. Some people used these animals organs of the body for their illness. In some part of the world , these animals may live safety, with laws to protect them. If we together safe and love these animals , these animals will be with us forever.
The thirdly important issue is water pollution and reserve of the water. Factories are polluting our rivers and seas with dangerous chemicals. A lot of rubbish is being made by people into rivers,lakes and oceans. As a result we poison the water that we use our food. For these reason the sea animals are dying and we poison for this water why we use this poisonous water. If we continue to these , one day water will be a thing of the past.
The fourthly major problem is quality of food. What is genetically engineered food? They are made with genetic engineering-not by nature. Genetic engineers take genes from one species. In this way a new life form is created. The effect of genetic engineering on our health are not known. People can develop allergies to food which has been genetically engineered. It’s wrong. We have to use nature’s food. It’s healthy and no problems.
The fifthly problem is air pollution. The causes of air pollution are smoke from factories and car exhaust fumes. Chemical industries do not use cleaning equipment, so the city has a large number of sick and plants have stopped growing. Air contains oxygen, and the people need oxygen to live. In the past few years people have developed allergies and breathing problems. If we don’t do something now, our cities will become impossible to live in.
Luckily we have the time the money, even the technology to prepare the way for a better cleaner and safer future. If everyone try to save our planet’s problem, it will getting better very soon. We can do it. Heal the world.
Our earth is damaging impossibly. The living conditions in our earth are getting worse and worse. What kind of problems we happened? How we decide it?
The forests are burning, rare plant and animals species are die out, people are dying of cancer and hunger and the air is being polluted.
The first problem is the destruction of the forest. The trees are being cut down for papers , firewood and other things by the factories. As a result birds and animals lose their homes and air pollution is being increased. The reserve of the forest is finishing. If everyone plant 3 trees , this destruction is falling. If we continue to burn and cut down the forest as we are doing now, the earth will never be the same again.
The second problem is die out of animals. Hunter and companies are killing the animals . Ex: crocodiles, foxes, rhinos…etc. Because they realized how valuable these animals skin. For these reason we must refuse to made of animals skin. If we can do it, the companies will fall to use other things. Some people used these animals organs of the body for their illness. In some part of the world , these animals may live safety, with laws to protect them. If we together safe and love these animals , these animals will be with us forever.
The thirdly important issue is water pollution and reserve of the water. Factories are polluting our rivers and seas with dangerous chemicals. A lot of rubbish is being made by people into rivers,lakes and oceans. As a result we poison the water that we use our food. For these reason the sea animals are dying and we poison for this water why we use this poisonous water. If we continue to these , one day water will be a thing of the past.
The fourthly major problem is quality of food. What is genetically engineered food? They are made with genetic engineering-not by nature. Genetic engineers take genes from one species. In this way a new life form is created. The effect of genetic engineering on our health are not known. People can develop allergies to food which has been genetically engineered. It’s wrong. We have to use nature’s food. It’s healthy and no problems.
The fifthly problem is air pollution. The causes of air pollution are smoke from factories and car exhaust fumes. Chemical industries do not use cleaning equipment, so the city has a large number of sick and plants have stopped growing. Air contains oxygen, and the people need oxygen to live. In the past few years people have developed allergies and breathing problems. If we don’t do something now, our cities will become impossible to live in.
Luckily we have the time the money, even the technology to prepare the way for a better cleaner and safer future. If everyone try to save our planet’s problem, it will getting better very soon. We can do it. Heal the world.
Sunday, October 3, 2010
Future of Mongolia
Future of Mongolia
Mongolia is unique because of it’s integrity in nature,culture, history and hospitality. I am proud of Mongolian’s pristine nature, fresh air and glassland. Everyday Mongolian life changed. The population is about 2.5 milion people, but it is one of the least densely populated countries in the world. As the statistics suggest, the population of Mongolia will reach 4.4 million by 2050. I agree that if the population of the country increases, the economics would develop very raditly.
First of all, we need to develop the Mongolian educational system, which should reach international standarts. As well as, Mongolians also need to discover many scientific breakthroughs in the world.
Secondly, the urban concentration in Mongolia is found in Ulaanbaatar. So we need to initiate a strategic city plan in order to regulate self-development of Kharkhorin. I dream that the Kharkhorin city will be a modern city in the world.
Thirdly, Mongolia has very vast territory. So transportation needs to be developed. In my opinion tarmas road should rebuild along each aimag, sum or bag in ten years time.
Fourthly, there are many cars and ger district’s smoke in Mongolia. So we need to build any big apartments for the public. I believe that the Mongolian people will be very rich, the rural community will be moved elsewhere by rich herders, businessman, politicians and other urban citizens who still keep their ties with the original tradional institutions.
Next, the economic will increase to the developed countries level. Especially, It needs to increase export products such as copper, gold, cashmere wool, fur, leather and diary products.
Finally, I am proud of Mongolia it could be the best developed country in the world.
Mongolia is unique because of it’s integrity in nature,culture, history and hospitality. I am proud of Mongolian’s pristine nature, fresh air and glassland. Everyday Mongolian life changed. The population is about 2.5 milion people, but it is one of the least densely populated countries in the world. As the statistics suggest, the population of Mongolia will reach 4.4 million by 2050. I agree that if the population of the country increases, the economics would develop very raditly.
First of all, we need to develop the Mongolian educational system, which should reach international standarts. As well as, Mongolians also need to discover many scientific breakthroughs in the world.
Secondly, the urban concentration in Mongolia is found in Ulaanbaatar. So we need to initiate a strategic city plan in order to regulate self-development of Kharkhorin. I dream that the Kharkhorin city will be a modern city in the world.
Thirdly, Mongolia has very vast territory. So transportation needs to be developed. In my opinion tarmas road should rebuild along each aimag, sum or bag in ten years time.
Fourthly, there are many cars and ger district’s smoke in Mongolia. So we need to build any big apartments for the public. I believe that the Mongolian people will be very rich, the rural community will be moved elsewhere by rich herders, businessman, politicians and other urban citizens who still keep their ties with the original tradional institutions.
Next, the economic will increase to the developed countries level. Especially, It needs to increase export products such as copper, gold, cashmere wool, fur, leather and diary products.
Finally, I am proud of Mongolia it could be the best developed country in the world.
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